2 Samuel 16:23

Authorized King James Version

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And the counsel of Ahithophel, which he counselled in those days, was as if a man had enquired at the oracle of God: so was all the counsel of Ahithophel both with David and with Absalom.

Original Language Analysis

עֲצַ֣ת And the counsel H6098
עֲצַ֣ת And the counsel
Strong's: H6098
Word #: 1 of 19
advice; by implication, plan; also prudence
אֲחִיתֹ֔פֶל of Ahithophel H302
אֲחִיתֹ֔פֶל of Ahithophel
Strong's: H302
Word #: 2 of 19
achithophel, an israelite
אֲשֶׁ֤ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֤ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 3 of 19
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
יָעַץ֙ which he counselled H3289
יָעַץ֙ which he counselled
Strong's: H3289
Word #: 4 of 19
to advise; reflexively, to deliberate or resolve
בַּיָּמִ֣ים in those days H3117
בַּיָּמִ֣ים in those days
Strong's: H3117
Word #: 5 of 19
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
הָהֵ֔ם H1992
הָהֵ֔ם
Strong's: H1992
Word #: 6 of 19
they (only used when emphatic)
כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֥ר H834
כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֥ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 7 of 19
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
יִשְׁאַל had enquired H7592
יִשְׁאַל had enquired
Strong's: H7592
Word #: 8 of 19
to inquire; by implication, to request; by extension, to demand
אִ֖ישׁ was as if a man H376
אִ֖ישׁ was as if a man
Strong's: H376
Word #: 9 of 19
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
בִּדְבַ֣ר at the oracle H1697
בִּדְבַ֣ר at the oracle
Strong's: H1697
Word #: 10 of 19
a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
הָֽאֱלֹהִ֑ים of God H430
הָֽאֱלֹהִ֑ים of God
Strong's: H430
Word #: 11 of 19
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
כֵּ֚ן H3651
כֵּ֚ן
Strong's: H3651
Word #: 12 of 19
properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction) rightly or so (in various applications to manner
כָּל H3605
כָּל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 13 of 19
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
עֲצַ֣ת And the counsel H6098
עֲצַ֣ת And the counsel
Strong's: H6098
Word #: 14 of 19
advice; by implication, plan; also prudence
אֲחִיתֹ֔פֶל of Ahithophel H302
אֲחִיתֹ֔פֶל of Ahithophel
Strong's: H302
Word #: 15 of 19
achithophel, an israelite
גַּם H1571
גַּם
Strong's: H1571
Word #: 16 of 19
properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, though; often repeated as correl. both...and
לְדָוִ֖ד both with David H1732
לְדָוִ֖ד both with David
Strong's: H1732
Word #: 17 of 19
david, the youngest son of jesse
גַּ֥ם H1571
גַּ֥ם
Strong's: H1571
Word #: 18 of 19
properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, though; often repeated as correl. both...and
לְאַבְשָׁלֹֽם׃ and with Absalom H53
לְאַבְשָׁלֹֽם׃ and with Absalom
Strong's: H53
Word #: 19 of 19
abshalom, a son of david; also (the fuller form) a later israelite

Analysis & Commentary

And the counsel of Ahithophel, which he counselled in those days, was as if a man had enquired at the oracle of God: so was all the counsel of Ahithophel both with David and with Absalom.

This verse contributes to the narrative of David's Humiliation, emphasizing suffering within God's sovereignty. David's humiliation through Shimei's cursing and Ziba's deception tests his faith in God's sovereignty. His refusal to punish Shimei demonstrates trust that God controls even unjust accusations. Ahithophel's counsel and Absalom's public sin with David's concubines fulfill Nathan's prophecy (12:11-12). Theological themes include suffering within God's sovereign plan, responding to unjust accusations with faith, and the full exposure of hidden sin.

Historical Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 16 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding suffering within God's sovereignty provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

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